A 12V relay is an essential component in electrical systems, particularly in low-voltage applications, such as automotive and home automation systems. It serves as an electromagnetic switch that allows low-power control circuits to manage high-power devices safely and efficiently. This article explores the working principle of 12V relays, their common applications, and why they are vital in various industries.

What is a 12V Relay? A relay is an electrically operated switch that enables a low-voltage circuit to control a high-voltage circuit. The 12V relay specifically operates using a 12V direct current (DC) power supply to control electrical circuits. These relays contain several key components: an electromagnet (coil), a set of contacts (which open or close the circuit), and a mechanical spring that resets the contacts when the power is turned off. When the relay’s coil is energized with 12V, the electromagnet generates a magnetic field that attracts the relay’s armature. This movement either opens or closes the contacts, depending on the relay’s design.