A 12-volt relay is an essential component in many electrical systems, offering a simple yet effective way to control high-voltage circuits with a low-voltage signal. This versatile component finds its place in various applications, from automotive circuits to industrial automation. In this article, we will explore the functioning, structure, and practical applications of 12-volt relays, along with their importance in modern electronic systems.

What is a 12 Volt Relay? A relay is an electrically operated switch that uses an electromagnet to open or close contacts within a circuit. The primary purpose of a relay is to control a high-power or high-current circuit with a low-power signal. In the case of a 12-volt relay, the coil is designed to operate at 12 volts DC (direct current). When current flows through the coil, it creates a magnetic field that activates the switching mechanism, either closing or opening the contacts. How Does a 12 Volt Relay Work? The operation of a 12-volt relay relies on an electromagnet and a set of contacts. The basic working principle can be broken down into three steps：