A 12V relay is a widely used electromechanical switch that allows low-voltage control of high-voltage or high-current circuits. Operating at 12 volts, typically in automotive and low-power electronic applications, a 12V relay acts as an intermediary to switch the power to various devices without directly handling the high current required. Understanding how this device works and its common uses can help engineers, hobbyists, and technicians alike make the most of this versatile component in their projects.

What is a 12V Relay? At its core, a 12V relay is an electrically operated switch that can open or close a circuit using a small voltage input. The primary function of the relay is to allow a low-power control circuit (often operating at 12V) to switch on or off a higher-power device, such as a motor, lamp, or industrial machinery. This feature is crucial for situations where a direct switch might not be practical or safe, especially when high currents or voltages are involved. The relay consists of several key components: Electromagnetic Coil: When a 12V DC current is applied to this coil, it generates a magnetic field.